Globalization and Markets

In this paper we examine which farmers would be early entrants into weather index insurance markets in Ethiopia, were such markets to develop on a large scale. We do this by examining the determinants of willingness to pay for weather insurance ...

Since 1986, Vietnam started to move from a centrally-planned towards a market-oriented system. It underwent several major economic and trade reforms - a process which is still not completed. At the same time, it also started to open its economy. ...

This study analyzes the evolution of agricultural policies from 1985 to 2002 in India, Indonesia, China, and Vietnam and provides empirical estimates of the degree of protection or disprotection to agriculture in these four countries, both by key ...

A key pillar of the WTO Agreement on Agriculture limits trade-distorting agricultural domestic support. Commitments for certain countries are tightened and extended under proposed rules in the stalled Doha Round negotiations. The Doha constraints ...

The revised draft modalities text issued by the Chair of the WTO agricultural negotiating group on February 8, 2008, reflects the considerable incremental progress which has been made in elaborating, clarifying and putting into legal language the ...

Background On 23 April 2009, the European Union adopted the Renewable Energy Directive (RED) which included a 10 percent target for the use of renewable energy in road transport fuels by 2020. It also established the environmental sustainability ...

Abstract The Crawford Fund’s annual conferences highlight an important aspect of feeding and greening the world. The future energy demands of rapidly-developing countries, the increasing concerns about the reliability of oil supplies ...

Carmen Estrades joined the Markets, Trade and Institutions Division at IFPRI as a Research Assistant in August 2009. At MTID, she works as a Research Assistant as part of the Globalization and Markets Team. Her current areas of research are Trade ...

The formula approach used in many trade negotiations involves large formula cuts in high tariffs, with flexibilities that allow smaller cuts for selected products. Difficulties in evaluating the effects of these exceptions can create major ...

Cotton, textiles, and apparel are critical agricultural and industrial sectors in India. This study provides descriptions of these sectors and examines the key developments emerging domestically and internationally that affect the challenges and ...

Dr. David Laborde Debucquet joined IFPRI, Washington DC, in 2007. He is a Senior Research Fellow and leader of the “Globalization and Markets” research program in the Markets, Trade and Institutions Division. More about Dr David Laborde ...

The objective of this paper is to analyze the best trade approach for Southern Mediterranean countries (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon and Turkey) that helps them increase market access and develop trade policies ...

Devesh Roy, an Indian national joined IFPRI in November 2004 as a Post Doctoral Fellow after completing his PhD in economics from the University of Maryland at College Park. Before joining the PhD program he obtained a masters degree from Delhi ...

The paper examines the possible impact of Doha agreement on Philippine poverty. Using a detailed CGE analysis, the agreement is observed to depress world demand for Philippine agricultural exports, and thus slightly increase poverty, especially ...

Ethiopia enjoyed remarkable economic growth from 2004/05 to 2008/09, in large part due to increases in foreign transfers and capital inflows combined with expanded domestic credit to fund major increases in private and public investments in ...

This paper aims to assess the rationales for the use of export taxes, in particular in the context of a food crisis. First, we summarize the effects of export taxes using both partial and general equilibrium theoretical models. When large ...

"We commit ourselves to comprehensive negotiations aimed at: substantial improvements in market access; reductions of, with a view to phasing out, all forms of export subsidies; and substantial reductions in trade-distorting domestic support. We ...

Higher world food prices have led many governments in developing countries to adopt policy measures to mitigate the adverse impact on low-income households. This paper sets out a partial equilibrium framework to evaluate the relative efficiency, ...

Recent analysis from IFPRI concludes that the expected gains from the December 2008 Doha proposal – while limited – are positive, and that concluding the Round in 2010 is important to secure trade and growth during the incoming global recovery ...

This document is a summary report of the soil fertility and fertilizer value chain diagnostic work—one of eight reports across the agricultural system facilitated by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and undertaken at the request of H.E. ...

“Three factors, advent of new technology (HYV), development of infrastructure and market liberalization working in tandem have delivered favorable food security outcomes for Bangladesh. Bangladesh’s food-policy has benefited from a ...

In spite of remarkable growth in Ethiopia’s agricultural production and overall real incomes (GDP/capita) from 2004/05 to 2008/09, prices of major cereals (teff, maize, wheat and sorghum) have fluctuated sharply in both nominal and real terms. ...

Using case studies from six Asian countries, this paper (a) assesses the relevance of underlying rationales for public intervention in foodgrain markets, (b) documents the existing policies and regulations that support operation of grain ...

Trade liberalization is expected to act positively on development and poverty reduction… The traditional argument in favor of a positive relationship between liberalization and poverty reduction focuses on… [key] linkages. A large ...

This paper discussed the market access and domestic support pillars in the Doha Round negotiations. It analysed both the implications for Brazil of reducing its own tariffs and reforming domestic support for agriculture; and the likely benefits ...

To what extent would a successful conclusion of the Doha Development Agenda (DDA), along the lines of the modalities in the Revised Draft Modalities paper of May 19, 2008, require further changes in the Common Agricultural Policy? Will those ...

Regional Commentators: Eugenio Diaz-Bonilla, Executive Director for Argentina and Haiti, Inter-American Development Bank; Stephen Mink, Lead Economist, Agriculture and Rural Development, World Bank Chair: Joachim von Braun, Director ...

In this study, we examined India’s domestic support policies to understand their classification and measurement for the purposes of official World Trade Organization (WTO) notifications. We then employed the underlying methods to prepare ...

The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of Japan’s agricultural domestic policy since 1995 in the context of the current international negotiations in the WTO Doha Round, which has as one aim further reductions of ...

Food supply chains are being transformed in a number of developing countries due to widespread changes in urban food demand. To better anticipate the impact of this transformation and thus assist in the design of appropriate policies, it is ...

Marcelle Thomas joined IFPRI in 1988 and is now a research analyst in the Markets, Trade and Institutions Division (MTID). As part of her ongoing work at MTID, Marcelle has joined the team on Globalization and Trade, applying the MAcMap dataset ...

There is rising skepticism about the potential positive environmental impacts of first generation biofuels. Growing biofuel crops could induce diversion of other crops dedicated to food and feed needs. The relocation of production could increase ...

Nicholas W. Minot is a senior research fellow in the Markets, Trade and Institutions Division. Since joining IFPRI in 1997 as a post-doctoral fellow, he has carried out research on the agricultural market reform in Africa, fertilizer policy, ...

The risk of food insecurity due to climate change in developing countries has encouraged development partners to seek new approaches to improve the resilience of subsistence agriculture to covariate shocks. Such innovative approaches include ...

This report provides an analysis of the critical role of pulses in agricultural production as a driver for economic growth and food security. Pulses, which occupy approximately 13 percent of cultivated land and account for approximately 10 ...

IFPRI’s research on global agricultural trade negotiations focuses on how to include low-income countries in the world trading system in a way that will improve the food and nutrition security of poor people. To that end, IFPRI researchers ...

Dr. Samuel Morley is a senior visiting research fellow at IFPRI. He has published monographs on poverty and distribution in Latin America, conditioned cash transfers and the effect of CAFTA in Central America. During his 25 years at the ...

A dramatic increase over the past fifteen years in domestic pork demand and production in the Philippines has created a potentially profitable opportunity for poor rural and agricultural households. In Southern and Central Luzon, the two biggest ...

Agriculture is a core driver of Ethiopia’s economy, supporting 85 percent of the population’s livelihoods and accounting for 46 percent of gross domestic product and 80 percent of export value. Given the significant current and future role of the ...

Shahidur Rashid joined IFPRI as a postdoctoral fellow in 1999 to work on a research program on "Public Policies for Rural Institutions, Markets and Infrastructure Development." Prior to joining IFPRI, he worked with the Bangladesh Institute of ...

Soonho Kim has joined IFPRI as a Web portal specialist in MTID. She is originally from South Korea and has lived in Florida, Rome in Italy, and Fairfax, Virginia. She received a Ph.D. in Agricultural and biological engineering (major) + computer ...

“This paper accomplishes two objectives. First, it provides simulation results from a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model that have helped focus the debate about the potential effects of agricultural trade liberalization on ...

The benefits least-developed countries (LDCs) can draw from a multilateral trade reform as designed by the modalities made public in May 2008 are negligible, and some countries will even face adverse effects. World Trade Organization (WTO) ...

By using a global computable general equilibrium model, this report analyzes the impact of various pending free trade agreements for Peru. In December 2007, a Peru-United States free trade agreement (FTA) was finally ratified by the U.S. ...

Abstract The financial and economic crash of 2008 was immediately succeeded by a global recession that is leading to significant paradigm shifts in the global policy agenda. It has slowed, and in some cases reversed, the progress in output ...

In recent years, trade in Africa has assumed greater importance as a means of alleviating poverty, especially since the initiation of the Doha Round for development. At the same time, skepticism regarding the effectiveness of foreign aid has ...

This study offers new conclusions on the economic cost of a failed Doha Round. The first section is devoted to an analysis of how trade policies evolve in the long and medium runs. We show that even under normal economic conditions, policymakers ...

The last several years have seen an unprecedented cooperation in trade and investment between Asia and Latin America. Since 2003 an average of 2.2 regional trade agreements (RTAs)* per year have been signed between countries of these two regions, ...

This paper is a description and an analysis of trade liberalization under CAFTA. It shows that in the short run the impact of the agreement is likely to be small. Since the U.S. already grants tariff-free access under the CBI, trade ...

We examine the effect of trade protection rates on evasion in three African countries: Kenya, Mauritius, and Nigeria. In capturing the effect of trade protection on tariff evasion, we use a much improved measure of trade protection from MacMAP ...

As of June 2006, a final agreement has eluded the parties to the Doha Development Round trade negotiations. There was little finality to the December 2005 Hong Kong Ministerial conference negotiations, even though members agreed to eliminate ...

This paper examines past and proposed U.S. domestic support in light of current and potential World Trade Organization (WTO) constraints. It provides a brief review of U.S. farm policies since the Uruguay Round WTO agreements went into effect, ...

“Trade liberalization is expected to act positively on development and poverty alleviation, both of which have become a high priority of international community…The objective of this study is to examine the efficiency of trade ...

When the World Trade Organization (WTO) was created in 1995, its members committed themselves to a set of disciplines for domestic support, market access, and export competition for agriculture. The Agreement on Agriculture laid the way for the ...

Abstract International disciplines on agricultural domestic support have been in place since 1995 and negotiations over possible new commitments have been central to the unresolved WTO Doha Round. The influence of the existing disciplines and ...

Yuan Gao joined the Markets, Trade and Institutions Division at IFPRI as a Senior Research Assistant in August 2011. Her current research interests lie in the area of biofuel logistics and trade liberalization. She obtained a B.A. in ...