• Genetically Modified (GM) Crops: What is being grown, where, and by whom?
• Regulation, Approval, and Intellectual Property Rights of GM Crops
• Agriculture's Critical Role in the Developing World
• Glossary of Terms

Biosafety: The goal of ensuring that the development and use of transgenic plants and other organisms do not negatively affect plant, animal or human health, or the environment.

Biotechnology: The industrial use of living organisms or biological techniques developed through basic research. Commercial Release: The last regulatory stage in which products are marketed to farmers through private or publicly owned seed companies or other institutional mechanisms.

Confined Field Trial Regulatory Stage: Regulatory stage that follows the lab/greenhouse stage in which genetic transformation events express stable traits in small-scale, single or multi-location confined trials.

Genetic Modification (Transformation Event): The stable transformation-the incorporation of foreign DNA into a living plant cell--undertaken by a single institute among the participating countries, thereby providing a unique crop-and-trait combination.

Genetic Resources: Landraces, varieties, and finished lines produced or derived from developing countries.

Lab/Greenhouse: Initial regulatory stage in which genetic transformation events produce stable transgenic plants derived from multiple generations at the laboratory/greenhouse/glasshouse stage.

Phenotype: The outward, physical manifestation of the organism. In this study, eight phenotypic categories were used: agronomic properties, bacterial resistance, fungal resistance, herbicide tolerance, insect resistance, product quality, virus resistance, and other.

Private Genetic Materials: Genetic materials from companies as well as commodity organizations operating for and within specific developing countries.

Public Genetic Materials: Genetic materials from any public institution.

Scale-up Regulatory Stage: The regulatory stage that follows the confined field trial stage in which transgenic plants advance into larger, pre-commercial trials.