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With research staff from more than 70 countries, and offices across the globe, IFPRI provides research-based policy solutions to sustainably reduce poverty and end hunger and malnutrition in developing countries.

researcher spotlight

David Spielman

David Spielman is the director of IFPRI’s Innovation Policy and Scaling Unit and has been with the institute since 2004. His research agenda covers a range of topics including agriculture and rural development policy; agricultural science, technology, and innovation; plant genetic resources and seed systems; agricultural extension and advisory services; and community-driven rural development.

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Since 1975, IFPRI’s research has been informing policies and development programs to improve food security, nutrition, and livelihoods around the world.

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IFPRI currently has more than 480 employees working in over 70 countries with a wide range of local, national, and international partners.

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experts

Markets, Trade, and Institutions

Mike Murphy

Senior Research Analyst

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Bio

Mike Murphy is a Senior Research Analyst with the Markets, Trade, and Institutions Unit, and a PhD student in Economics at the University of Bordeaux. He works primarily on the OneHealth CGIAR Initiative focusing on the intersection of human, animal, and environmental health. His research looks at how individual decision-making around risk affects outcomes in policy areas including food safety, anti-microbial resistance, and zoonotic disease.

Publications

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Publications

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Journal Article

Antimicrobial and other aquamedicine use for disease treatment in pond-based commercial tilapia farms in Bangladesh

2026
Rheman, Shafiq; Khor, Laura; Hossain, Sabrina; Delamare-Deboutteville, Jerome; Madsen, H.; Dalsgaard, A.; Murphy, Mike; Hoffmann, Vivian; Moodley, Arshnee; Verner-Jeffreys, David
…more Mohan, Chadag V.
Details

Antimicrobial and other aquamedicine use for disease treatment in pond-based commercial tilapia farms in Bangladesh

This study addresses the limited information on use of antimicrobials and other chemical use in commercial tilapia farms in Bangladesh. A retrospective cross-sectional survey was conducted in November 2022 in the Mymensingh district, a major tilapia production hub. Nearly half of the farms (46.6%) experienced fish mortality during the last production cycle, and 75.0% of farmers did not seek professional assistance during disease outbreaks. Among those who did, 68.0% relied on chemical or drug suppliers for guidance rather than veterinary experts. Biosecurity practices were inadequate, with 98.3% not implementing four basic monitored measures: disinfection of vehicles, footwear, hands, and equipment. Awareness of antimicrobial use (AMU) risks among respondents was low, with 56.0% unaware of its negative impacts and 88.8% unfamiliar with antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Antibiotic use was low, with only 15.5% of farms reporting antibiotic treatments, primarily oxytetracycline hydrochloride (23.8%), enrofloxacin (19.0%), and erythromycin–sulphadiazine–trimethoprim (19.0%). However, other chemicals with antimicrobial properties, such as disinfectants, were more commonly applied, reported by 39.7% of farms for disease management. The use of both antimicrobial and non-antimicrobial medicine varied significantly by location, being significantly less likely observed in Tarakanda (p < 0.05) and Fulbaria (p < 0.01), suggesting location-specific differences in disease management. The presence of clinical signs was significantly associated with increased use of both antimicrobials, non-antimicrobial medicine and use of overall aquamedicine (p < 0.001), while longer cultivation durations showed a weak association with reduced AMU. Imprudent use of antimicrobials and other chemicals may pose One Health risks, including disruption of pond microbial ecosystems, AMR development, chemical residues, and occupational hazards. In-depth qualitative studies are needed to further understand and optimize antimicrobial and other chemical use practices and determine how tilapia farmers may benefit from improved biosecurity, training, and veterinary access.

Year published

2026

Authors

Rheman, Shafiq; Khor, Laura; Hossain, Sabrina; Delamare-Deboutteville, Jerome; Madsen, H.; Dalsgaard, A.; Murphy, Mike; Hoffmann, Vivian; Moodley, Arshnee; Verner-Jeffreys, David; Mohan, Chadag V.

Citation

Rheman, S., Khor, L., Hossain, S., Delamare-Deboutteville, J., Madsen, H., Dalsgaard, A., Murphy, M., Hoffmann, V., Moodley, A., Verner-Jeffreys, D. and Mohan, C.V. 2026. Antimicrobial and other aquamedicine use for disease treatment in pond-based commercial tilapia farms in Bangladesh. Aquaculture 618:743814.

Country/Region

Bangladesh

Keywords

Asia; Southern Asia; Antimicrobial Resistance; Aquaculture; Fish; Tilapia

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open AccessCC-BY-NC-4.0

Links

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2026.743814 Source record

Project

One Health

Record type

Journal Article

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Journal Article

Pork safety across Vietnam’s traditional markets: microbial contamination and vendor knowledge, attitudes, and practices

2026
Trang Thi Huyen Le; Hoffmann, Vivian; Ambler, Kate; Murphy, Mike; Sinh Dang-Xuan; Lindahl, Johanna F.; Rajala, E.; Lam, Steven; Boqvist, S.; Unger, Fred
…more Hung Nguyen-Viet
Details

Pork safety across Vietnam’s traditional markets: microbial contamination and vendor knowledge, attitudes, and practices

Foodborne diseases are a major cause of illness in low- and middle-income countries, and most are due to fresh foods sold in traditional markets. Contamination with foodborne pathogens, especially Salmonella spp., continues to be common in these markets. To better understand why this is the case, this study assessed total bacteria count (TBC) and Salmonella in pork across Vietnamese traditional markets and evaluated vendors’ food safety knowledge, attitudes, and practices, examining their associations with contamination. Data was collected in 68 markets across five provinces, with up to 10 pork vendors per market randomly selected. Microbiological data were collected through cut pork samples and cutting boards swabs (n=396), along with structured questionnaires and observations with vendors (n=486). Cutting board swabs were analyzed for TBC only, while cut pork was tested for both TBC and Salmonella. Linear and generalized linear mixed-effects models were constructed to identify risk factors for TBC and Salmonella prevalence. The overall Salmonella prevalence in cut pork was 64.4% (255/396) and was significantly higher in southern provinces (86.8%) compared to the north (47.5%, p < 0.01). TBC was high in pork and cutting boards (6.4 log10CFU/g and 6.9 log10CFU/cm2, respectively), and only 30% of the pork samples met the Vietnamese standard for TBC in fresh meat. Selling of organs was associated with a higher TBC (coefficient = 0.13, CI: 0.01–0.26, p = 0.03) and greater Salmonella risk (OR = 2.04, p = 0.009). Temperature significantly increased both outcomes (p < 0.001), while using easy-to-clean surfaces reduced TBC levels (coefficient = -0.16, CI: -0.30 to -0.01, p = 0.03). Vendors demonstrated limited food safety knowledge and mixed attitudes. Observations revealed poor hygienic practices, such as displaying pork on cardboard or cloth or lack of washing with soap and disinfectants, which was influenced by limited access to facilities and equipment. Regional differences suggested contamination levels were influenced by both environmental and market-related factors. These findings highlight the need for holistic interventions targeting an enabling environment, appropriate equipment, and behavioral incentives.

Year published

2026

Authors

Trang Thi Huyen Le; Hoffmann, Vivian; Ambler, Kate; Murphy, Mike; Sinh Dang-Xuan; Lindahl, Johanna F.; Rajala, E.; Lam, Steven; Boqvist, S.; Unger, Fred; Hung Nguyen-Viet

Citation

Trang Thi Huyen Le, Hoffmann, V., Ambler, K., Murphy, M., Sinh Dang-Xuan, Lindahl, J.F., Rajala, E., Lam, S., Boqvist, S., Unger, F. and Hung Nguyen-Viet. 2026. Pork safety across Vietnam’s traditional markets: microbial contamination and vendor knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 247:106757.

Country/Region

Vietnam

Keywords

Asia; South-eastern Asia; Animal Products; Food Safety; Markets; Pork; Capacity Development

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open AccessCC-BY-4.0

Links

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106757 Source record

Record type

Journal Article

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Brief

Economic aspects of wildlife farming: Analysis of household surveys from two Vietnamese provinces

2025Murphy, Mike; Hoffmann, Vivian; Ambler, Kate; Ha Thi Thanh Nguyen; Sinh Dang-Xuan; Hung Nguyen-Viet; Unger, Fred; Bett, Bernard K.
Details

Economic aspects of wildlife farming: Analysis of household surveys from two Vietnamese provinces

Vietnam is a global hotspot for wildlife trade and farming, with thousands of licensed operations raising species such as civets, porcupines, bamboo rats, snakes, and wild boar for meat, traditional medicine, and the exotic pet trade (Van Thu et al., 2023). The sector poses significant public health risks due to the potential for transmission of novel zoonotic diseases (Latinne & Padungtod, 2025). Understanding the economics of this sector is critical to developing effective policy for managing and de-risking wildlife sup-ply chains but data is scarce, typically based on small sample sizes and limited study sites (Thuy et al., 2021). This note provides descriptive statistics regarding the economics of wildlife farming in two provinces of Vietnam, based on a survey of wildlife farming households.

Year published

2025

Authors

Murphy, Mike; Hoffmann, Vivian; Ambler, Kate; Ha Thi Thanh Nguyen; Sinh Dang-Xuan; Hung Nguyen-Viet; Unger, Fred; Bett, Bernard K.

Citation

Murphy, Mike; Hoffmann, Vivian; Ambler, Kate; Ha Thi Thanh Nguyen; Sinh Dang-Xuan; et al. 2025. Economic aspects of wildlife farming: Analysis of household surveys from two Vietnamese provinces. IFPRI Project Note. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. https://hdl.handle.net/10568/178945

Country/Region

Vietnam

Keywords

Asia; South-eastern Asia; Economic Aspects; Wildlife; Wild Animals; Trade in Species; Useful Animals; Zoonoses; Supply Chains

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open AccessCC-BY-4.0

Source

Source record

Record type

Brief

Blogs

Exploring farmer adoption of conservation agriculture using a lab-in-the-field approach
Research Post
 | 
September 02, 2020

Exploring farmer adoption of conservation agriculture using a lab-in-the-field approach

By Mike Murphy, Kate Ambler, and Alan de Brauw

Testing the role of subsidies in adopting techniques to build long-term resilience.

Do you remember? Measuring anchoring bias in recall data
 | 
March 16, 2018

Do you remember? Measuring anchoring bias in recall data

By Susan Godlonton, Manuel Hernandez, and Mike Murphy

Standard social science interview techniques may not be accounting for cognitive bias, a new study finds.

Events

CGIAR Platform for Big Data in Agriculture Convention
IFPRI at External Event

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October 3 to 5, 2018

CGIAR Platform for Big Data in Agriculture Convention

IFPRI Staff are participating in the CGIAR Platform for Big Data in Agriculture co-hosted by the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) taking place October 3-5, 2018 at the Campus of the World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF) in Nairobi, Kenya. This convention is the second yearly event to bring together the people and organizations that make the […]