A functioning natural resource base plays a significant role in the livelihoods of people of the Mekong Delta who rely heavily on agriculture and fishing. The harvest of aquatic animals as a source of protein is essential to the countries, representing the most intensive worldwide fishery in terms of catch per person (Baran 2005). Fish products in Cambodia, for example, represent an estimated 75 percent of animal protein intake in the diet of a Cambodian, which is exceptional by global standards (Ahmed et al. 1998). In Vietnam, the Mekong Delta region accounts for almost half of Vietnam’s rice and fish production and thus is also an important source for foreign exports (Ratner 2003). However, sustainable resource management in Cambodia and Vietnam faces severe challenges.