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ABOUT THIS BOOK
In 1996, the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), and the Institute for Rural Development at the University of Goettingen began a research project aimed at providing information to improve the efficiency, equity, and environmental sustainability of livestock production and land use in Sub-Saharan Africa. The project focused on semi-arid areas where mobile livestock-production and mixed crop–livestock production are competing land uses. It is estimated that a population of 87 million live in these areas, and these people are among the poorest in the world. Not only are average incomes low, but their livelihoods are also subject to a great deal of risk—environmental, tenurial, social, and political.
Furthermore, in much of Sub-Saharan Africa, grazing lands are primarily governed by common-property regimes, which enable people to pool and reduce the risks associated with variable forage production. The ability of the land to sustain increasing numbers of livestock owners without damaging the environment will be determined, in part, by the way the users themselves can govern access and use of this vital resource. Population growth, expansion of cultivated lands, new risk-management strategies, and market integration are just some of the many factors that will affect traditional management regimes.
It is within this context that the project proposal was developed. The goals of the project were to study the interaction between property rights and risk, and the impacts that changes in the external environment have on these systems. To this end, an extensive annotated bibliography was prepared, conceptual and analytical frameworks were developed to analyze the systems, and fieldwork was undertaken in 40 communities in both southwestern Niger and southern Ethiopia.
The International Symposium on Property Rights, Risk, and Livestock Development was held in Feldafing, Germany, in September 1998. The specific objectives of the symposium were to review the work undertaken in the course of the project and consider the implications for policy and program design. This volume contains project research findings, invited papers from external experts, and results from discussions from roundtables and working-group sessions held during the symposium.
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Entire Book
Book Chapters
Preface and Acknowledgement
Property rights, risk, and livestock development in Africa: issues and project approach
Brent M. Swallow and Nancy McCarthy
Part I: The Context for Livestock and Crop-Livestock Development in Africa
Chapter 1:
The context for livestock and crop-livestock development in Africa: the evolving role of the state in influencing property rights over grazing resources in Sub-Saharan Africa
Michael Kirk
Chapter 2:
The role of the donors influencing property rights over pastoral resources in Sub-Saharan Africa
Herman Grell and Michael Kirk
Chapter 3:
Public policy and drought management in agropastoral systems
Peter Hazell
Chapter 4:
Managing mobility in African Rangelands
Maryam Niamir-Fuller
Chapter 5:
Crop-livestock systems in Sub-Saharan Africa: determinants and intensification pathways
Timothy O. Williams, Pierre Hiernaux, and Salvador Fernández-Rivera
Part II: Modeling of the Effects of Risk on Rangeland Management
Chapter 6:
An economic analysis of the effects of production risk on the use and management of common-pool rangelands
Nancy McCarthy
Chapter 7:
Fuzzy access: modeling grazing rights in Sub-Saharan Africa
Rachel E. Goodhue and Nancy McCarthy
Chapter 8:
Ownership, appropriation, and risk
Pasquale Lucio Scandizzo
Part III: Policies and Institutions for Risky Environments
Chapter 9:
The dynamics of land use and property rights in semi-arid East Africa
Brent M. Swallow and Abdul B. Kamara
Chapter 10:
Conflicts and cooperation over the commons: a conceptual and methodological framework for assessing the role of local institutions
Jean-Paul Vanderlinden
Part IV: Empirical Studies
Chapter 11:
Can pastoral institutions perform without access option?
Tidiane Ngaido
Chapter 12:
Experimenting with the commons: a comparative history of the effects of land policy on pastoralism in two homelands.reserves, Southern Africa
Rick Rohde, M.Timm Hoffman, and Ben Cousins
Chapter 13:
Niger case study
Jean-Paul Vandelinden
Chapter 14:
Implications of population growth and declining access to transhumant grazing areas for the sustainability of agropastoral systems in the semi-arid areas of Niger
Bruno Barbier and Peter Hazell
Chapter 15:
Ethiopian case study
Abdul B. Kamara
Contributors and Conference Agenda
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