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DREAM: A Tool for Evaluating the Effects of Agricultural R&D
What Is DREAM?
DREAM, or Dynamic Research EvaluAtion for Management, is a menu-driven software package for evaluating the economic impacts of agricultural research and development (R&D). Users can simulate a range of market, technology adoption, research spillover, and trade policy scenarios based on a flexible, multi-market, partial equilibrium model. |
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With DREAM you can define a range of technology investment, development, and adoption scenarios and save them in an integrated database. Scenarios are described using market, R&D, and adoption information for any number of separate “regions." Some factors, such as taxes, subsidies, growth rates, and price elasticities, can be specified as constant or as changing over the analysis period. Each region in which production takes place may have its own pattern of technology adoption. After specifying the initial conditions for each region, you can simulate the likely effects of technology development and adoption on prices; on quantities produced, consumed, and traded; and on the flow of economic benefits to producers, consumers, and government.
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DREAM handles simple to relatively complex evaluation problems using a standardized interface. A number of market assumptions are possible: small open economy, closed economy, vertically integrated farm and post-harvest sectors in a single economy, or multiple trading regions. The software also accommodates technology-driven shifts in supply or demand, and users may specify constant or variable shift effects over time in farmers fields. Importantly, DREAM’s multiple region specification can simulate various technology “spillover” scenarios wherein a technology may be adopted in more than one region. Changes in the pattern of technology spillovers can significantly alter the size and distribution of R&D benefits. DREAM has been applied to the evaluation of individual projects in a national context as well as to entire commodity sectors at a subcontinental or continental scale. And while it was designed primarily to evaluate options for R&D that is yet to be undertaken (ex ante assessments), DREAM has also been successfully applied to analyzing the effect of past research (ex post assessments). |
What’s New for DREAM Version 3.0? |
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French language interface (in addition to English and Spanish). Improved dynamic data options Copy scenario A newly designed technology definition page Imperfect transmission of price changes among regions |
New market type A closed economy can now be specified as a distinct market type. Negative technology shifts Advanced options Rank results Compare results |
Specifications |
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DREAM is designed to run under Windows 95 or Windows NT. As a minimum the program requires a 486DX 66Mhz processor (but in practice a Pentium 150Mhz or higher is strongly recommended), a mouse, 16MB RAM and 12MB of hard disk space (allowing for the required Visual Foxpro 5.0 modules and the data directories "\database\" and "\examples\").
A minimum screen resolution of 640x480 is required, but 800x600 is preferred, and the display system should be capable of displaying 256 colors. The program does not use any proprietary hardware or software requiring third party approval, but is protected by copyright ©. |
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Alston, J. M., G. W. Norton, and P. G. Pardey.