People in poor countries rely on land-based resources to generate most of their income. The uses of these resources are wide-ranging and adaptable to varying circumstances, often serving as a form of security against adverse shocks or as facilitator to access new opportunities. The management of land-based resources--including cropland, grazing land, forests, and wetlands--not only impacts the welfare of direct users, but has ripple effects by further impacting the flow of environmental services, such as prevention of erosion and runoff, removal of pollutants from water flows, sequestration of atmospheric carbon and other greenhouse gases, and preservation of biodiversity. The goal of the Land Resource Management program is to identify and facilitate the adoption and implementation of productive, equitable, and sustainable land management (SLM) strategies and policies that promote sustainable poverty reduction in developing countries.