Evolution of agricultural mechanization in Nigeria

Demand for mechanization in Nigeria is growing in a fairly consistent way, as predicted by economic theories. The farming system has intensified and the use of animal traction has grown at a substantial rate. Demand-side factors considerably explain the low adoption of tractors in Nigeria. Where demand is sufficient for tractors, the private sector has emerged over time as a more efficient provider of hiring services (particularly farmer-to-farmer services) than the public sector. Conditions are consistent with the hypothesis that, because of generally low support for the agricultural sector in Nigeria in the past few decades, agricultural mechanization (tractor use in particular) has remained low despite the declining share of the workforce engaged in the agricultural sector. Agricultural transformation in the form of a declining agricultural labor force has happened partly through the growth in the oil industry since the 1970s. Instead of inducing further exit from farming, tractor adoption in Nigeria might have helped those who have remained in farming to start expanding their production scale. A knowledge gap, however, remains regarding the dominance of large tractors and the potential effects of tractor adoption on smallholders who have yet to adopt them.