Agricultural extension can have important impacts on vulnerable populations by increasing food production, which improves both rural incomes and urban food security.

Whether and how immigration affects labour markets is a hotly-debated and widely-studied topic. By contrast, the converse question of how emigration impacts labour markets in the source economy has remained largely understudied.

Increasingly, resilience is being incorporated into planning and social protection policy.

"Spatially disaggregated maps of the incidence of poverty can be constructed by combining household survey data and census data.