Central banks play a critical role in the economy, with policy levers that influence and are influenced by climate change.

Since the onset of economic downturns caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries have struggled with uneven recoveries across sectors, as some types of workers and industries were better able to resume their activities than others.

We present results from large ensembles of projected twenty-first century changes in seasonal precipitation and near-surface air temperature for the nation of South Africa.

Prior to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, South Africa confronted an unfolding economic crisis. Today, the economic situation has worsened in essentially every dimension.

As the South African economy emerges from the downturn induced by COVID-19, policy makers are concerned with recovery, reconstruction, and transformation.

This paper considers different approaches to modelling the economic impact of the Covid-19 pandemic/lockdown shocks.

Climate change poses a serious threat to many countries, particularly to developing countries, which often have large sections of the population without resources to adapt to changes in their environment.

In this study, we present results from a large ensemble of projected changes in seasonal precipitation and near-surface air temperature changes for the nation of South Africa.

Absent vaccines and pharmaceutical interventions, the only tool available to mitigate its demographic effects is some measure of physical distancing, to reduce contagion by breaking social and economic contacts.

Climate change mitigation and adaptation will prove to be sources of significant structural change. The impacts will be far-reaching and often irreversible, with particularly large effects on emerging and developing economies.

In trying to limit the spread of COVID-19, policymakers are confronting the difficult task of balancing the positive health effects of lockdowns against their economic costs — particularly the burdens imposed on low-income and food-insecure househ

In trying to limit the spread of COVID-19, policymakers globally have the difficult task of balancing the positive health effects of lockdowns against their economic costs, particularly the burdens lockdowns impose on low-income and food-insecure

This paper seeks to address the following questions: (a) How productive is South Africa’s agricultural sector? (b) How does it compare to other countries in terms of productivity?

For decades cheaper and easily available fossil fuels have underpinned the energy system of South Africa and inhibited the potential for achieving a sustainable low carbon economy.

This study presents results from a large ensemble of projected changes in seasonal precipitation and near-surface air temperature changes for the nation of South Africa.

This paper reviews land reform in six emerging market economies with some similarities to South Africa, and in sub-Saharan African countries, which share a similar colonial history.