Agricultural extension can have important impacts on vulnerable populations by increasing food production, which improves both rural incomes and urban food security.

In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, interest has grown in what kinds of assistance protect household food security during shocks.

The COVID-19 pandemic prompted social distancing, workplace closures, and restrictions on mobility and trade that had cascading effects on economic activity, food prices, and employment in low- and middle-income countries.

International humanitarian organizations have expressed substantial concern about the potential for increases in food insecurity resulting from the COVID‐19 pandemic.