Paying resource users to preserve features of their environment could in theory better align production and conservation goals. We show, however, that across a range of conservation dilemmas, they might not.

India will need to produce 30% more wheat by 2050, and these gains must principally come from intensification in eastern India where low productivity is common.

The formation of world-class megalopolises has been a goal of urban development agencies around the world owing to their economic advantages.

Reducing the environmental effects of the food system including dietary changes toward more plant-based diets, improved technologies, etc.

Conservation agriculture (CA) is a management paradigm in which soil is covered outside of cropping seasons, minimally disturbed, and recharged with nitrogen-fixing legumes.