Depuis juillet 2019, et un sommet de l'Union Africaine à Niamey (Niger), la Zone de Libre-Echange Continentale Africaine (ZLECA) est dans sa phase opérationnelle, après la signature tardive du traité par le Nigeria et le Bénin, et la ratification
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The European Union–West Africa Economic Partnership Agreement
Despite recent modifications, the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) between the European Union (EU) and West African (WA) countries is still being criticized for its potential detrimental effects on WA countries.
Few studies give a systematic account of the bribes paid by smugglers to different groups of state actors.
Increasing returns and market efficiency in agricultural trade
Using detailed trader surveys in Benin, Madagascar, and Malawi, this paper investigates the presence of increasing returns in agricultural trade. After analyzing margins, costs, and value added, we find little evidence of returns to scale.
"Using detailed trader surveys in Benin, Madagascar, and Malawi, this paper investigates the presence of increasing returns in agricultural trade. After analyzing margins, costs, and value added, we find little evidence of returns to scale.