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discussion paper

Accelerating Africa's structural transformation

In most countries in sub-Saharan Africa at present, the majority of the population is engaged in agriculture, with economies in the very early stages of structural transformation - the process whereby a predominantly agrarian economy is transforme

discussion paper

Property rights in a flea market economy

This paper studies liberalized grain markets in Madagascar and examines how property rights are protected and contracts are enforced among agricultural traders.

discussion paper

Adjustment of wheat production to market reform in Egypt

In response to slow growth in the agricultural sector and as part of a general shift towards a more market-oriented economy, the Government of Egypt started liberalizing the agricultural sector in 1987.

discussion paper

Of markets and middlemen

Using survey data on traders and brokers in the Ethiopian foodgrain market, this paper reveals that the brokerage institution is critical to market performance in that it enables traders to circumvent the commitment problem of long-distance trade

discussion paper

Transaction costs and market institutions

This paper examines the effect of transaction costs of search on the institution of grain brokers in Ethiopia. Primary data are used to derive traders’ shadow opportunity costs of labor and of capital from IV estimation of net profits.

discussion paper

Infrastructure, market access, and agricultural prices

The effect of recent agricultural market reforms in many developing countries is often measured through tests for market integration by analyzing co-variation of food prices.

discussion paper

Effects of transaction costs on supply response and marketed surplus

This paper explores the effect of transaction costs on aggregate supply and demand and marketed surplus. A five-good non-separable household model is used to illustrate the effect of transaction costs on a generic African household.

discussion paper

The impact of postharvest research

While research on the improvement of agricultural production has received considerable attention and funding, until recently postharvest activities have not attracted much attention from international research organizations.

discussion paper

Agroindustrialization through institutional innovation

Some small-holders are able to generate reliable and substantial income flows through small-scale dairy production for the local market; for others, a set of unique transactions costs hinders participation.

discussion paper

Relationships and traders in Madagascar

This paper documents the role that personal relationships play in economic exchange.

discussion paper

Generating disaggregated poverty maps

Geographic targeting is often recommended as a way to improve the impact of social spending and infrastructure investments on rural poverty. Previous research shows that such targeting is not very accurate unless the geographic units are small.

discussion paper

Marketing policy reform and competitiveness

The response of local markets to sectoral and macroeconomic policy changes is a key determinant of the long term impact of policy reforms on reforming economies.

discussion paper

Returns to social capital among traders

Using data on agricultural traders in Madagascar, this paper shows that social capital has a large effect on efficiency.