Innovation spaces are often dominated by linear, top-down approaches, with the transfer of technology being seen as the solution to many problems rather than trying to understand which innovation processes people are engaging with themselves.

Much has been written about energy poverty, but there is relatively limited evidence of what determines the gender gap in energy poverty and how it can be overcome in rural areas.

Agricultural extension services play an important role in agricultural development.

We take stock of the major changes in methodology for studying the impacts of international agricultural research, focusing on the period 2006–2020. Impact assessment of agricultural research has a long and recognized tradition.

Maize is the major food crop in eastern and southern Africa, including Kenya. Maize-based farming systems make up the largest proportion of agricultural land, and maize is central to the food system, in both rural and urban areas.

This book takes a critical look at the Kenyan food system, where it has been, and where it can go.

This paper introduces a new framework to quantify costs and benefits for resilience-related outcomes of agricultural innovations targeting smallholder farmers.

Agricultural extension can have important impacts on vulnerable populations by increasing food production, which improves both rural incomes and urban food security.

Introducing small-scale irrigation can bring opportunities for empowerment and exclusion. To support equity and inclusion, projects must go beyond technology access alone.

Widespread use of small power pumps in South Asia has revolutionized agricultural production since the 1970s. In the past few years, solar photovoltaic pumps have become affordable alternatives to diesel and grid-powered electric pumps.

Research is essential for improvement of agricultural productivity, resource use and resilience, and for food systems transformation more broadly.

The water literature has mainly investigated the diversion and distribution of water from the source to the end users or the utilization of water at the farm level in crop production.

This chapter looks at food system innovations and digital technologies as important drivers of productivity growth and improved food and nutrition security.

Food system transformation provides the opportunity to shift current trends in all forms of malnutrition, prioritizing the availability and affordability of nutritious food for all – from shifting priorities in agricultural production, to improved

This chapter focuses on innovation in mechanisms to finance the transformation of food systems to end hunger by 2030 and achieve SDG2.

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have received increasing attention in recent years as a promising means to address poverty challenges in rural China.

We look at the prioritisation of agricultural value chains (VCs) for the allocation of R&D resources that maximise development outcomes (poverty, growth, jobs and diets) in Senegal.