The achievement of several sustainable development goals and the Paris Climate Agreement depends on rapid progress towards sustainable food and land systems in all countries.

The food and land use sector is a major contributor to India's total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

Rice cultivation in the NLPR regions has moved to higher latitudes.

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is the most widely grown food crop in the world threatened by future climate change.

To date, projections of human migration induced by sea-level change (SLC) largely suggest large-scale displacement away from vulnerable coastlines.

Weather shocks, such as heatwaves, droughts, and excess rainfall, are a major cause of crop yield losses and food insecurity worldwide.

Insight into how the rice production system responds to external driving factors, both climate and socioeconomic.

Effects of climatic and land management factors using the harvested area gap (HAG)--the amount of harvested area that can be gained if all existing cropland is harvested frequently.

Previous studies have combined climate, crop and economic models to examine the impact of climate change on agricultural production and food security, but results have varied widely due to differences in models, scenarios and input data.