Many smallholder farmers, especially women and other marginalized groups, face difficulty in accessing loans and other forms of credit.

A relatively large body of literature has documented the welfare effects of smallholder farmers’ participation in single-commodity output markets.

Credit constraint is considered by many as one of the key barriers to adoption of modern agricultural technologies, such as chemical fertilizer, improved seeds, and irrigation technologies, among smallholders.

This study analyzes recent household data on Malawi, Tanzania, and Zambia to assess the impact of the most recent El Niño in East and Southern Africa and the trade policy responses to it.

Drawing on qualitative data from Ethiopia, Ghana, and Tanzania, this paper develops a framework for examining the intrahousehold distribution of benefits from technology adoption, focusing on small-scale irrigation technologies.

This paper presents the results of a broad study of fertilizer supply to smallholder farmers in Tanzania that was done to assess whether the taxes (explicit or implicit) that are applied at various points along the fertilizer importation and marke

This case study presents an assessment of institutional and organizational changes in Tanzania’s coffee market following market liberalization.