In August 2022, the Razoni cargo ship, laden with 26,000 tons of grain, navigated a narrow corridor of mined waters outside Ukraine’s port of Odessa.

The world’s agrifood systems have served society well since 1798 when Malthus anonymously published An Essay on the Principle of Population.

In both developed and developing countries, agricultural support policies provide enormous transfers of resources to agriculture—about US$817 billion per year worldwide in the 2019–2021 period (OECD 2022).¹ Some agricultural support policies, such

Coalitions—or a set of individuals and groups with shared policy preferences—lie at the heart of political economy.¹ They are also often considered central to policy change.

Poverty reduction and conservation of natural resources are both global goals for sustainable development. However, it is not well understood how interventions to reduce poverty impact coastal communities and the fisheries they depend upon.

This chapter examines four important food production innovations that have been favored by scientists but opposed by influential swathes of the public: Green Revolution farming, industrial agriculture, the use of synthetic chemicals versus organic

How were the governments of three middle-income countries with high levels of non-communicable diseases (NCDs)—India, Mexico, and South Africa—able to implement sugar-sweetened beverage taxes (SSBs) despite intense opposition from powerful corpora

Today’s food production and consumption has large consequences for the environment and human health.

Central to understanding the political economy of food systems transformation is clarifying the systems that enable—or prevent—monitoring progress on transformation, setting evidence-based commitments for improvement, and ensuring accountability f

This chapter focuses on African cities and problematizes emerging food system and urban system trends and actions in these cities. The focus on Africa is deliberate.

Agri-food systems face multiple challenges. They must deal with prevailing structural weaknesses, partly deepened by the disruptions from the COVID-19 pandemic, civil conflicts, and climate change.

As a coastal and low-lying country, Guyana is exposed to many climatic hazards, as are the islands in the region. Risks such as flooding, sea level rise, and drought directly impact its development and population.

Peru faces a variety of climate risks just like the rest of the countries in the region. Being a country rich in biodiversity and climatic variety, Peru experiences different climatic impacts, which have been increasing in severity over time.

Brazil has made significant advances in the fight against climate change. The country is highly susceptible to climate impacts due to its geographic location and diverse territory.

Ecuador has great climatic variability, due to its geological diversity and variety in altitude and terrain. The country has two seasons: rainy and dry.

Over the past two decades, Vietnam’s GDP per capita has grown ninefold. Concurrently, its agricultural sector has transformed to a strong commercial orientation.

Climate change poses a greater threat for more exposed and vulnerable countries, communities and social groups.

Micronutrient deficiencies are widespread in many low- and middle-income countries, but tend to be most severe in children and in pregnant women, who have higher micronutrient requirements.

Micronutrient deficiencies, sometimes referred to as “hidden hunger,” are often less visible than other forms of undernutrition but nevertheless constitute a major cause of severe health issues.

We take stock of the major changes in methodology for studying the impacts of international agricultural research, focusing on the period 2006–2020. Impact assessment of agricultural research has a long and recognized tradition.