Seven years of implementation of the Malabo Declaration: Making sense of the Malabo theory of change
The purpose of this chapter is to analyze Africa’s performance in the last three BRs, examine the degree to which Africa is on track, and assess the efforts still needed to meet the Malabo goals and targets by 2025. The chapter uses structural equation modeling (SEM) with BR data to empirically assess the causal relationships hypothesized in the Malabo theory of change. Specifically, the analysis examines the relationships between the countries’ implementation 2023 ReSAKSS Annual Trends and Outlook Report9of Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) principles and values, policy outcomes, and development outcomes measured by the BR data. In addition, the chapter aims to inform the post-Malabo agenda with forward-looking analysis and recommendations.