Globalization transforms not just the economics of production and exchange in the world, but also the political economy of public policies.

Climate change effects on agricultural yields will be uneven over the world. A few countries, mostly in high latitudes, may experience gains, while most will see average yield decrease.

Chapter 1 reviewed dynamically changing global trends in agricultural development and identified emerging and diverse issues associated with the process of global agricultural development.

Global trade rules on the support governments can provide to their farm sectors need urgent reform if countries are to make progress on Agenda 2030—and in particular on Sustainable Development Goal 2, which aims to end hunger and malnutrition, ach

How can decisionmakers resolve the tension between optimal long-run policies and short-run initiatives to address food security concerns?

In the event of large swings in world food prices, countries often intervene to dampen the impact of international food price spikes on domestic prices and lessen the burden of adjustment on vulnerable population groups.

2018 was a somber and unpredictable year, not only for food and nutrition security, but also for global political stability and international development.

2017 год был отмечен ростом неопределенности на фоне неоднозначных признаков прогресса.

The year 2017 was marked by increasing uncertainty amid mixed signs of progress. The world enjoyed a strong economic recovery, but global hunger increased as conflicts, famine, and refugee crises persisted.

2017年，全球在取得不同方面进展的同时，各种不确定因素亦日趋增加。尽管世界经济复苏强劲，持续的冲突、饥荒及难民危机却导致全球饥饿人口增加。同时，在反全球化思潮的冲击下，全球格局呈现出复杂多变的态势，国际贸易和投资以及人口与知识的流动均受到阻碍。虽然在过去几十年里全球一体化加速推进了消除贫困和营养不良的进程，然而随着美国从多项重要国际协议中退出、英国退欧以及许多国家反移民言论的抬头，全球一体化进程开始出现倒退。

The year 2017 was marked by increasing uncertainty amid mixed signs of progress. The world enjoyed a strong economic recovery, but global hunger increased as conflicts, famine, and refugee crises persisted.

Une incertitude croissante et des signes de progrès contrastés ont marqué l’année 2017.

IFPRI's IMPACT model allows policy makers, analysts, and civil society to explore future scenarios for food security—including the impact of climate change on agricultural production and hunger—through an integrated system of linked economic, clim

The Global Hunger Index tracks progress in reducing hunger at the global and country levels.

Total factor productivity (TFP) provides a measure of the efficiency of agricultural production, allowing for comparisons across time and across countries.

ASTI provides open-access data and analysis on agricultural research investment and capacity in low- and middle-income countries as well as benchmarking tools that allow for tracking the performance of national agricultural R&D systems.

The FPRCI database provides measures of quality and quantity of national capacity for food policy research in 33 developing countries.

SPEED tracks public expenditures in agriculture and other sectors by national governments across 109 developing countries and 35 developed countries.