Globally, malnutrition remains unacceptably high, and hard-won progress is further threatened by the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

In both developed and developing countries, governments often intervene in the agriculture sector to support development and to respond to political-economy pressures, using trade policies or price support for particular agricultural commodities.

This brief synthesizes approaches and findings from gender research conducted by the CGIAR Program on Policy, Institutions, and Markets (PIM).

Over the past 20 years, value chain development (VCD) initiatives and value chain research have increasingly integrated gender dimensions to allow for gender-differentiated employment and income opportunities and other benefits for women and men,

Efforts to promote the development of agricultural value chains are a common element of strategies to stimulate economic growth in low-income countries.

Tenure insecurity has a variety of negative consequences for natural resource management, agricultural productivity, and poverty reduction, but the sources of tenure insecurity differ for men and women, and for individual, household, and collectiv

Over the past two decades, seed systems and markets in many sub-Saharan African countries have become a central topic in the public discourse around agricultural development.

The impacts of climate change are already occurring across the globe, from droughts to floods, damagingly high temperatures, and sea-level rise.

Gender relations in households and communities play a formative role in how tenure rights — such as access to, use, and management of land and various natural resources — are practiced across multifunctional landscapes.

By 2050, 95 percent of Earth’s land will be degraded. Already, 24 billion tons of soil have been eroded by unsustainable agriculture (Larbodière et al. 2020).

Governance refers to how decisions and rules, as well as decision-making rules, are made and by whom.

Collaborative international research on tenure dates back at least to the early 1960s when the Land Tenure Centre was established at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and conducted some studies in collaboration with CGIAR social scientists.

Rapid transformations are occurring in food systems around the world with significant economic, health, and environmental implications.

Countries of the global South have rich natural ecosystems, but many poor people. Africa south of the Sahara, for example, contains about half of the earth’s uncultivated land. Forests cover approximately 22 percent of Latin America.

Empowerment (https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-7660.00125) is the process by which people gain the ability to make strategic choices in their lives and to act upon them, when they previously could n

Water is an essential resource for all life, but is extremely difficult to manage productively, sustainably and equitably.

Agricultural extension provides the critical connection from agricultural innovation and discovery to durable improvements at scale, as farmers and other actors in the rural economy learn, adapt, and innovate with new technologies and practices.

Agricultural production is both strongly affected by climate change and a major contributor to climate change, with agriculture and land-use change accounting for about one fifth of total global greenhouse gas emissions – more than for transport o

Digitally enabled food value chains and plant breeding programmes can improve resilience to agricultural productivity fluctuations and food insecurity.

Climate change represents a rapidly emerging challenge for central banks, particularly in developing economies.