Climate change is one of the main challenges for Tajikistan’s agricultural development in the medium and longer term.

Climate change poses a threat to smallholder farmers worldwide, impacting livelihoods and agricultural pro duction. At the same time, agrifood systems account for about one-third of all greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

Information and communications technology (ICT) in low- and middle-income countries has changed significantly over the past seven decades, starting with radio and newspapers and transforming almost daily with the rise of smartphones and mobile Int

Lack of access to information is an important barrier affecting women farmers’ adoption of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) practices and technologies.

Key Messages

Strict lockdown measures implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic had extensive impacts on agriculture, and especially on women farmers. These effects were worsened by a lack of reliable and timely access to agricultural extension.

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) can support the collection of agricultural data.

International standards and policies are clear about women’s right to equality in the enjoyment of all their rights, including rights to access, use, inherit, control and own land.

Near normal but increasing temperature anomalies are predicted for the Inkomati-Usuthu catchment from August 2023 to January 2024. Predicted near-normal rainfall anomalies turn negative as summer 2023/34 approaches in the catchment.

Agricultural credit is an important instrument for improving farm productivity, the welfare of farm households, and their resilience to weather-related shocks.

Ethiopia stands out as one of the fastest growing African countries between 2009 and 2019, with an average annual GDP growth rate close to 10 percent (ESS 2020).

Agriculture in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is dominated by subsistence farming. Households grow food mainly for their own consumption and sell only when they have a surplus.

Malawi experienced modest growth from 2009 to 2019, with average annual GDP growth of 4.7 percent.

Myanmar initiated economic and political reforms in 2011, ushering in a period of rapid economic transformation. The country experienced strong annual average economic growth of close to 7 percent between 2011 and 2019.

Mozambique was one of the fastest-growing countries in sub-Saharan Africa between 2009 and 2014, with annual growth averaging about 7 percent (INE 2020; World Bank 2023a).

Bangladesh experienced strong annual economic growth of 6.6 percent between 2009 and 2019 (BBS 2021). While the global COVID-19 pandemic caused a significant growth slowdown in 2020, growth started to recover in 2021.

Niger is a landlocked country in West Africa, and most of the population relies on subsistence farming.

Since the secession of South Sudan in 2011, the Sudanese economy has faced an unprecedented economic downturn caused by the loss of around 75 percent of oil revenue, civil strife, and political instability (Alhelo, Siddig, and Kirui 2023), and mor

Zambia experienced modest economic growth of 4.8 percent per year between 2010 and 2019 (ZamStats 2020). Most growth occurred in the earlier part of the decade.

Uganda experienced annual economic growth of 5.8 percent between 2009 and 2019 (UBOS 2020).