This paper explores outcome indicators and process principles to evaluate landscape resilience in agro-ecosystems, drawing on outcome indicator case studies of the CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE).

With adverse impacts of climate change growing in number and intensity, there is an urgent need to reduce emissions from food systems to net zero.

Water is an essential resource for all life, but is extremely difficult to manage productively, sustainably and equitably.

Climate change will have an impact on natural resources, water being one of them, affecting the availability of water including increasing the intensity of floods and droughts.

Burkina Faso reformed its water management institutions and adopted integrated water resources management (IWRM) for more than two decades, yet the country still suffers from weak institutions and ineffective implementation of water management ref

Agricultural productivity & technical efficiency at the agricultural household level is positively affected by similar agroclimatic conditions between locations of agricultural households & major plant breeding institutes.

Empowered women show better WASH practices than nonempowered women in Nepal, which translates into better child nutrition outcomes.

Farm diversity,  maize stock in the household, household asset index, & agro‐ecological zone were the main predictors of hemoglobin and anemia among children & adolescents in Ghana.

Water and nutrition are linked in multiple ways, but few of these interlinkages are well understood. What is, for example, the exact relationship between water pollution and health or between water resource management and nutrition?

How does it change the yield benefits of nitrogen fertilizer and improved maize varieties in Africa south of the Sahara?

Water, food, energy, and the ecosystems they depend on interact with each other in highly complex and interlinked ways.