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With research staff from more than 70 countries, and offices across the globe, IFPRI provides research-based policy solutions to sustainably reduce poverty and end hunger and malnutrition in developing countries.

researcher spotlight

Kinya Kaibung’a

Kinya Kaibung’a is a Research Officer with the Development Strategies and Governance Unit, based in Nairobi, Kenya. She has a keen interest in leveraging machine learning, AI, and other cutting-edge technologies to boost climate resilience and food security in smart agriculture systems.

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Since 1975, IFPRI’s research has been informing policies and development programs to improve food security, nutrition, and livelihoods around the world.

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IFPRI currently has more than 480 employees working in over 70 countries with a wide range of local, national, and international partners.

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The Population Council conducts research to address critical health and development issues. In the developing world, the Population Council works with governments and civil society organizations to overcome obstacles to health and development. The Council also uses state-of-the-art biomedical science to develop new contraceptives and products to prevent the transmission of HIV.

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Publications

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Book Chapter

Africa’s key issues in WTO negotiations, MC14 and beyond

2026Sunday, Ogwuche; Muriuki, Nelly Rita
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Africa’s key issues in WTO negotiations, MC14 and beyond

At the creation of the multilateral trading system in 1948, agriculture was formally covered by the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), including principles such as tariff bindings and non-discrimination. In practice, however, agriculture remained largely exempt from strict multilateral disciplines, as governments maintained wide policy space to support domestic farm sectors through subsidies, price controls, and non-tariff measures. This flexibility largely reflected the concerns of major agricultural economies, while developing countries, including many in Africa, remained primarily exporters of primary commodities with limited influence over global rule-making.

Year published

2026

Authors

Sunday, Ogwuche; Muriuki, Nelly Rita

Citation

Sunday, Ogwuche; and Muriuki, Nelly Rita. 2026. Africa’s key issues in WTO negotiations, MC14 and beyond. In Agricultural Trade at a Crossroads with Latin American, Caribbean, and African Perspectives for Post-MC14, eds. Valeria Piñeiro, Simon Mevell, and Martin Piñeiro. Part Three: Africa: Regional Perspective, Chapter 3.2, Pp. 185-203. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute and the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. https://hdl.handle.net/10568/183495

Keywords

Africa; Wto; Trade Agreements; Trade

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open AccessCC-BY-SA-3.0-IGO

Source

Source record

Record type

Book Chapter

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Book

Agricultural trade at a crossroads with Latin American, Caribbean, and African perspectives for post-MC14

2026Piñeiro, Valeria; Mevel, Simon; Piñeiro, Martin
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Agricultural trade at a crossroads with Latin American, Caribbean, and African perspectives for post-MC14

The book Agricultural Trade at a Crossroads with Latin American, Caribbean, and African Perspectives for Post‑MC14 examines how global agricultural trade is being reshaped by geopolitical tensions, limited progress with multilateral negotiations, and evolving economic priorities. It analyzes how these changes affect developing regions especially Latin America, the Caribbean, and Africa highlighting challenges such as trade fragmentation, food security concerns, and structural barriers, while also exploring opportunities for competitiveness, regional integration, and innovation.

Year published

2026

Authors

Piñeiro, Valeria; Mevel, Simon; Piñeiro, Martin

Citation

Piñeiro, Valeria; Mevel, Simon; and Piñeiro, Martin (Eds.). 2026. Agricultural trade at a crossroads with Latin American, Caribbean, and African perspectives for post-MC14. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute and the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. https://hdl.handle.net/10568/183392

Keywords

Africa; Latin America and the Caribbean; Trade; International Trade; Agricultural Trade; Trade Disputes; Trade Facilitation

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open AccessCC-BY-SA-3.0-IGO

Source

Source record

Record type

Book

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Working Paper

Targeting of beneficiaries in chemical fertilizer subsidy programs: State of knowledge and evidence gaps

2026Trachtman, Carly; Hill, Ruth Vargas
Details

Targeting of beneficiaries in chemical fertilizer subsidy programs: State of knowledge and evidence gaps

Low- and middle-income countries are under increasing fiscal pressure to rationalize spending on fertilizer subsidy programs. Policy reforms shifting expenditure away from subsidies can have beneficial impacts given the well-documented distortionary market effects and negative environmental externalities of fertilizer subsidies. However, such reforms also result in losses and often lower fertilizer use for current beneficiaries. Understanding who is impacted by reform thus requires an assessment of who is currently benefiting, yet there is little systematic work understanding who these programs currently benefit both on paper and in practice. In this paper, we identify low- and middle- income countries with active fertilizer subsidy programs, and characterize the targeting regime of each program based on both explicit and implicit criteria determining eligibility. Then in a selection of case studies, we explore which individuals are receiving subsidy benefits in practice. We find that while many fertilizer subsidy programs are designed as universal, in many countries there are implicit targeting criteria embedded in the way subsidy programs are implemented and/or informal targeting induced by supply shortfalls. Further, we find evidence that regardless of targeting regime, the targeting of subsidy programs is generally pro-poor, driven by the fact that the poor are often concentrated in the agricultural sector.

Year published

2026

Authors

Trachtman, Carly; Hill, Ruth Vargas

Citation

Trachtman, Carly; and Hill, Ruth. 2026. Targeting of beneficiaries in chemical fertilizer subsidy programs: State of knowledge and evidence gaps. IFPRI Discussion Paper 2419. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. https://hdl.handle.net/10568/183317

Keywords

Latin America and the Caribbean; Southern Asia; Eastern Asia; Sub-saharan Africa; Middle East; Northern Africa; Fertilizers; Subsidies; Support Measures; Targeting; Inorganic Fertilizers

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open Access

Source

Source record

Record type

Working Paper