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With research staff from more than 60 countries, and offices across the globe, IFPRI provides research-based policy solutions to sustainably reduce poverty and end hunger and malnutrition in developing countries.

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Elodie Becquey

Elodie Becquey is a Senior Research Fellow in the Nutrition, Diets, and Health Unit, based in IFPRI’s West and Central Africa office in Senegal. She has over 15 years of research experience in diet, nutrition, and food security in Africa, including countries such as Burkina Faso, Chad, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Mali, and Tanzania.

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experts

Natural Resources and Resilience

Stephen Davies

Nonresident Fellow

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ORCiD
Stephen Davies

Bio

Stephen Davies is a Nonresident Fellow with the Natural Resources and Resilience Unit, and is working in an outposted capacity.

Publications

Resource thumbnail

Data Paper

A 2020-21 Social Accounting Matrix for Pakistan with a Related Water Resources Module

2025Davies, Stephen; Akram, Iqra; Ali, Muhammad Tahir; Hafeez, Mohsin
Details

A 2020-21 Social Accounting Matrix for Pakistan with a Related Water Resources Module

This paper presents the methodological framework and data sources for developing a national-level Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) and its integrated hydrological component for Pakistan. The foundation of this data paper builds on the methodology of national SAMs developed by IFPRI, while disaggregating several accounts relevant to water and food policies. The aim is to provide a systematic guide to the methodology and data requirements necessary for constructing a national SAM for Pakistan and to present key results from this exercise. The SAM is updated from the 2013–14 base, following the structure of the Nexus SAMs developed by IFPRI under the CGIAR’s Policy Innovation Science Program, with several modifications in the estimation of accounts to better capture Pakistan’s water–food–economy interlinkages. On the hydrology side, the data has been comprehensively updated using multiple national and provincial sources, including the recent Punjab Tube-Well Census, surface water flow and runoff data, canal-level inflows and evaporation, zonal-level rainfall and water storage records, and spatial datasets on area and crop production across provinces. Together, these datasets strengthen the integration of hydrological and economic systems, providing a robust foundation for evidence-based water and agricultural policy analysis in Pakistan.

Year published

2025

Authors

Davies, Stephen; Akram, Iqra; Ali, Muhammad Tahir; Hafeez, Mohsin

Citation

Davies, Stephen; Akram, Iqra; Ali, Muhammad Tahir; Hafeez, Mohsin. A 2020-21 Social Accounting Matrix for Pakistan with a Related Water Resources Module. Data Paper. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. https://hdl.handle.net/10568/177384.

Country/Region

Pakistan

Keywords

Asia; Southern Asia; Social Accounting Matrix; Household Consumption; Household Expenditure; Economic Indicators; Agrifood Systems; Taxes; Labour

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open AccessCC-BY-4.0

Source

Source record

Project

Foresight

Record type

Data Paper

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Blog Post

Foresight and trade-offs analysis to identify innovative solutions for agricultural sustainability in Pakistan

2025Hafeez, Mohsin; Davies, Stephen; Akram, Iqra; Ali, Muhammad Tahir; Ringler, Claudia
Details

Foresight and trade-offs analysis to identify innovative solutions for agricultural sustainability in Pakistan

A team of researchers from IWMI and IFPRI are exploring hydro-economic modeling and trade-offs in the agricultural sector to achieve water, food security and sustainability in regions facing growing resource constraints.

Year published

2025

Authors

Hafeez, Mohsin; Davies, Stephen; Akram, Iqra; Ali, Muhammad Tahir; Ringler, Claudia

Citation

Hafeez, M.; Davies, Stephen; Akram, I.; Ali, M. T.; Ringler, Claudia. 2025. Foresight and trade-offs analysis to identify innovative solutions for agricultural sustainability in Pakistan. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI).

Country/Region

Pakistan

Keywords

Modelling; Water Security; Food Security; Sustainability; Resource Depletion; Agricultural Planning

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open AccessCC-BY-4.0

Source

Source record

Project

NEXUS Gains

Record type

Blog Post

Resource thumbnail

Data Paper

Social Accounting Matrix for Okara District, Pakistan: A Water Resources Accountability in Pakistan (WRAP) Project Analysis

2025Davies, Stephen; Ali, Muhammad Tahir; Akram, Iqra; Hafeez, Mohsin
Details

Social Accounting Matrix for Okara District, Pakistan: A Water Resources Accountability in Pakistan (WRAP) Project Analysis

The aim of this paper is to develop a document to guide the methodology and data resources used to develop a local Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) for Okara district in Punjab, Pakistan, and to provide an overview of the SAM results. Regional SAMs at lower administrative levels can be used to understand the regional economic impact of geographically targeted policies and shocks. The common data standards, procedures, and classification systems for national SAMs are adapted and modified for these regional SAMs. This approach and paper closely follow the development of SAM construction outlined in IFPRI’s NEXUS Project, which emphasized the need for greater transparency and consistency in SAM construction to strengthen model-based research and policy analysis in developing countries. Utilizing much of that Project’s general structure, our results permit comparisons at regional administrative scales, especially in agriculture and food systems including water resources dimensions. Additionally, this paper develops a companion method to evaluate direct and indirect water use associated with the economic changes produced from SAM analyses. We hope this methodology can be used to develop SAMs for other districts in the future.

Year published

2025

Authors

Davies, Stephen; Ali, Muhammad Tahir; Akram, Iqra; Hafeez, Mohsin

Citation

Davies, Stephen; Ali, Muhammad Tahir; Akram, Iqra; Hafeez, Mohsin. 2025. Social Accounting Matrix for Okara District, Pakistan: A Water Resources Accountability in Pakistan (WRAP) Project Analysis. Data Paper. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. https://hdl.handle.net/10568/174553

Country/Region

Pakistan

Keywords

Asia; Southern Asia; Social Accounting Matrix; Household Consumption; Household Expenditure; Economic Indicators; Agrifood Systems; Taxes; Labour

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open AccessCC-BY-4.0

Source

Source record

Project

Foresight

Record type

Data Paper

Events

The Pakistan Society of Development Economists (PSDE) 31st Annual General Meeting and Conference
IFPRI at External Event

 | 

December 17 to 19, 2015

The Pakistan Society of Development Economists (PSDE) 31st Annual General Meeting and Conference

The Annual General Meeting and Conference of the Pakistan Society of Development Economists (PSDE) provides an important forum for economic professionals, policymakers, businessmen, and various schools of interested observers to debate development issues. The objective of this conference is to provide a forum and a platform to academics and policy-makers for an exchange of ideas on the […]

News

February 04, 2019 | In the News

Water reforms can lead to environmental, economic benefits in Pakistan: WB report (Pakistan Today)

Pakistan Today wrote an article about the World Bank’s recent study about the urgency around the country’s water reforms to improve water efficiency and service delivery due to low levels of water availability per person and high levels of water wastage. As a contributor to the study, Senior Research Fellow Stephen Davies was included in the […]

December 13, 2018 | In the News

Drop in three crops’ production forecast (Dawn)

Dawn released a news article about the first-ever Punjab Food Report that forecasts Pakistan’s future crop productions.  According to research by Senior Research Fellow Stephen Davies and Research Analyst Amna Ejaz, three of the country’s primary crops in the winter season are expected to decrease in yields.