School feeding programs have recently received renewed attention as a policy instrument for achieving the Millennium Development Goals of universal primary education and hunger reduction in developing countries. However, there is still debate among governments and donors about the impact of school feeding programs and whether they are cost-effective. New evidence from studies conducted by IFPRI and the World Bank, in collaboration with the World Food Programme, indicates that well-designed school feeding programs may have broad impacts—on school attendance, school performance, cognitive development, the nutrition of preschool children, and the prevalence of anemia in adolescent girls. This Policy Seminar will review the latest evidence on the impact and cost effectiveness of school feeding programs and other school-related investments and will examine the implications for relevant policy decisions.