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With research staff from more than 70 countries, and offices across the globe, IFPRI provides research-based policy solutions to sustainably reduce poverty and end hunger and malnutrition in developing countries.

researcher spotlight

Timothy Thomas

Timothy Thomas is a Senior Research Fellow in the Foresight and Policy Modeling Unit. His research focuses on the impact of climate change on agricultural productivity. Tim’s work involves developing innovative methods for simulated climate futures and model coordination between climate, crop, water, energy, and economics.

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Since 1975, IFPRI’s research has been informing policies and development programs to improve food security, nutrition, and livelihoods around the world.

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Where we work

IFPRI currently has more than 480 employees working in over 70 countries with a wide range of local, national, and international partners.

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partnerships

The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) is an autonomous organization under the Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE) in the Indian Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare. The Council is the apex body for coordinating, guiding, and managing research and education in agriculture including horticulture, fisheries and animal sciences in the entire country. ICAR is one of the largest national agricultural systems in the world.

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Projects

IFPRI-Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)

IFPRI-Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)

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Publications

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Journal Article

Accessing agricultural credit through Kisan Credit Cards: Patterns of use, transaction costs, and institutional barriers in eastern India

2026Kumar, Anjani; Sharma, Kriti
Details

Accessing agricultural credit through Kisan Credit Cards: Patterns of use, transaction costs, and institutional barriers in eastern India

Year published

2026

Authors

Kumar, Anjani; Sharma, Kriti

Citation

Kumar, Anjani; and Sharma, Kriti. 2026. Accessing agricultural credit through Kisan Credit Cards: Patterns of use, transaction costs, and institutional barriers in eastern India. Economic and Political Weekly 61(38): 33-39. https://www.epw.in/journal/2026/38/insight/accessing-agricultural-credit-through-kisan-credit.html

Country/Region

India

Keywords

Asia; Southern Asia; Credit; Agricultural Credit; Access to Finance; Credit Policies; Households

Language

English

Access/Licence

Limited Access

Source

Source record

Record type

Journal Article

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Working Paper

Reviving millets in India: Understanding consumption decline and demand-side constraints

2026Kumar, Anjani; Pahwa, Vanshika
Details

Reviving millets in India: Understanding consumption decline and demand-side constraints

Millets are increasingly promoted as climate-resilient and nutrient-dense crops in India’s food systems transformation. Yet, despite rising policy support, their consumption continues to decline. This paper analyzes long-term trends and demand-side determinants of millet consumption using nationally representative data from Household Consumption Expenditure Surveys (2011–2012, 2022–2023, 2023–2024). Results show a steep decline in per capita millet consumption of more than 80 percent in rural areas since the late 1980s and a sharp reduction in the share of millets in total cereal consumption. Using a double hurdle model, we find that millet consumption remains concentrated among rural, lower-income, and less-educated households, with limited uptake among urban and higher-income groups. Participation in the Public Distribution System (PDS) increases the likelihood of consumption but reduces consumption intensity, indicating substitution with subsidized rice and wheat. We document a large production–consumption gap of nearly 14 million tons, suggesting increasing diversion of millets toward feed and processing uses. The findings highlight the need to rebalance cereal policies and strengthen demand-side incentives to integrate millets into modern food systems.

Year published

2026

Authors

Kumar, Anjani; Pahwa, Vanshika

Citation

Kumar, Anjani; and Pahwa, Vanshika. 2026. Reviving millets in India: Understanding consumption decline and demand-side constraints. IFPRI Discussion Paper 2434. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. https://hdl.handle.net/10568/184730

Country/Region

India

Keywords

Asia; Southern Asia; Millets; Consumption; Food Consumption; Demand; Incentives

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open Access

Source

Source record

Record type

Working Paper

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Journal Article

Impact of custom hiring services on paddy cultivation: A propensity score matching approach

2026Kumar, Nalini Ranjan; Athare, Prakash G.; Kumar, Anjani; Kumar, Sant
Details

Impact of custom hiring services on paddy cultivation: A propensity score matching approach

Year published

2026

Authors

Kumar, Nalini Ranjan; Athare, Prakash G.; Kumar, Anjani; Kumar, Sant

Citation

Kumar, Nalini Ranjan; Athare, Prakash G.; Kumar, Anjani; and Kumar, Sant. 2026. Impact of custom hiring services on paddy cultivation: A propensity score matching approach. Agricultural Research 15(2): 1389-1396. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40003-025-00933-9

Country/Region

India

Keywords

Southern Asia; Asia; Rice; Yields; Socioeconomic Aspects; Farm Inputs; Farm Equipment; Propensity Score Matching; Hired Labour; Employment; Cultivation

Language

English

Access/Licence

Limited Access

Links

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40003-025-00933-9 Source record

Record type

Journal Article

Events

2024 GFPR India Launch
Series/Special Event

 | 

July 4, 2024, 10:00 – 5:20 pm

2024 GFPR India Launch

Unhealthy diets are a major driver of all forms of malnutrition, including undernutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, and overweight and obesity. At the same time, our food systems contribute about a third of greenhouse gas emissions and degrade natural resources. The 2024 Global Food Policy Report examines policies, innovations, and governance solutions to strengthen diet quality and […]

IFPRI South Asia Discussion of the 2020 Global Food Policy Report
Series/Special Event

 | 

July 6, 2020, 4:30 – 6:00 pm

IFPRI South Asia Discussion of the 2020 Global Food Policy Report

IFPRI’s 2020 Global Food Policy Report (GFPR) was officially launched on April 07 and highlights the critical role that inclusive food systems can play, looking specifically at the obstacles and opportunities as well as the tools and technologies for building inclusive food systems. COVID-19 is having an immense impact on our health and food systems […]

Science Forum 2018
IFPRI at External Event

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October 10 to 12, 2018

Science Forum 2018

IFPRI researchers and their case studies contribute to discussions on substantial interactions between the Sustainable Development Goals, the role of agricultural research in augmenting synergies, and managing trade-offs.

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Blogs

Training on food demand systems to build policy research capacity in India
Event Post
 | 
December 19, 2025

Training on food demand systems to build policy research capacity in India

By Manmeet Ajmani, Andrew Comstock, Olivier Ecker, and Barun Deb Pal

Essential skills to manage evolving food systems.

The link between crop burning and respiratory illness is a health and economic timebomb
Research Post
 | 
March 11, 2019

The link between crop burning and respiratory illness is a health and economic timebomb

By Samuel Scott

The pollution generated by crop residue fires in northern India imposes a heavy burden on urban residents.