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With research staff from more than 70 countries, and offices across the globe, IFPRI provides research-based policy solutions to sustainably reduce poverty and end hunger and malnutrition in developing countries.

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Kinya Kaibung’a

Kinya Kaibung’a is a Research Officer with the Development Strategies and Governance Unit, based in Nairobi, Kenya. She has a keen interest in leveraging machine learning, AI, and other cutting-edge technologies to boost climate resilience and food security in smart agriculture systems.

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Since 1975, IFPRI’s research has been informing policies and development programs to improve food security, nutrition, and livelihoods around the world.

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IFPRI currently has more than 480 employees working in over 70 countries with a wide range of local, national, and international partners.

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experts

Markets, Trade, and Institutions

Eduardo Maruyama

Research Coordinator

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Bio

Eduardo Maruyama is a Research Coordinator in the Markets, Trade, and Institutions Unit. He first joined IFPRI as a Postdoctoral Fellow. Currently, he works on improving market access for smallholders in sub-Saharan Africa through rural producer organizations (RPOs) as well as analyzing how valuable information flows from children to their parents and its potential as a policy tool in Peru. His past work focused on risk-coping strategies of the poor in developing countries and on combining economic theory, applied econometrics, and spatial analysis to develop typologies of rural communities for policy formulation. Before joining IFPRI, Eduardo worked as a Professor of Economics at the Universidad del Pacifico Graduate School and as an Assistant Researcher in the Grupo de Analisis para el Desarrollo (GRADE) in Peru. Eduardo was also a Fulbright Scholar. He earned a PhD in Economics in the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).

Languages spoken: English, Spanish

Publications

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Publications

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Brief

Credit access, demand, and repayment among smallholder farmers in Nigeria: A follow-up analysis

2025Ambler, Kate; Balana, Bedru; Bloem, Jeffrey R.; Maruyama, Eduardo; Olanrewaju, Opeyemi
Details

Credit access, demand, and repayment among smallholder farmers in Nigeria: A follow-up analysis

Access to credit can be important for improving the performance of smallholders, as it enables farmers to purchase inputs while sustaining their livelihoods. In rural Nigeria, however, access to credit—particularly from formal financial institutions—is limited. As a result, farmers often have little to no choice but to depend on alternative credit sources, including informal lending. Small holder agricultural households often turn to friends and family, or local money lenders and other informal and semi-formal sources to meet their credit needs (EFInA, 2020).

Year published

2025

Authors

Ambler, Kate; Balana, Bedru; Bloem, Jeffrey R.; Maruyama, Eduardo; Olanrewaju, Opeyemi

Citation

Ambler, Kate; Balana, Bedru; Bloem, Jeffrey R.; Maruyama, Eduardo; and Olanrewaju, Opeyemi. 2025. Credit access, demand, and repayment among smallholder farmers in Nigeria: A follow-up analysis. IFPRI Project Note July 2025. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. https://hdl.handle.net/10568/175654

Country/Region

Nigeria

Keywords

Africa; Western Africa; Sub-saharan Africa; Access to Finance; Credit; Smallholders; Inputs; Repayment of Debts

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open Access

Source

Source record

Record type

Brief

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Blog Post

Four lessons for financial innovation in agrifood systems

2025Ambler, Kate; Bloem, Jeffrey R.; de Brauw, Alan; Bakhtiar, M. Mehrab; Maruyama, Eduardo
Details

Four lessons for financial innovation in agrifood systems

Financial systems are modernizing worldwide, with digital apps, online payments, and rapid loan processing increasingly the norm. Yet the digital finance revolution has yet to take hold in the agrifood value chains of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where many small farms and firms lack access to sufficient credit. Obstacles include weather and price risks that are difficult to insure, high transaction costs, a lack of collateral among smallholders and informal firms, and seasonal payment streams. Can new financial approaches help? A growing portfolio of IFPRI research focuses on understanding the financial challenges that smallholder farmers and small agrifood businesses face and partnering with innovators to pilot and test methods to meet their needs. Here, we outline four lessons from these efforts based on research conducted in Bangladesh, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nigeria, Uganda, and Viet Nam.

Year published

2025

Authors

Ambler, Kate; Bloem, Jeffrey R.; de Brauw, Alan; Bakhtiar, M. Mehrab; Maruyama, Eduardo

Citation

Ambler, Kate; Bloem, Jeffrey R.; de Brauw, Alan; Bakhtiar, M. Mehrab; and Maruyama, Eduardo. 2025. Four lessons for financial innovation in agrifood systems. IFPRI Blog Post. https://www.ifpri.org/blog/four-lessons-for-financial-innovation-in-agrifood-systems/

Keywords

Innovation; Agrifood Systems

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open AccessCC-BY-4.0

Source

Source record

Project

Rethinking Food Markets

Record type

Blog Post

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Brief

Is it a myth? Market power among intermediaries in agri-food value chains

2024de Brauw, Alan; Maruyama, Eduardo; Wagner, Julia
Details

Is it a myth? Market power among intermediaries in agri-food value chains

A common narrative about agri-food value chains (AVCs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is that smallholders are paid substantially less for their agricultural products relative to the prices consumers pay for them. Some of that difference can be attributed to market channels—even in competitive and efficient agricultural markets, there are costs involved as agricultural products move from producers to consumers, including expenses for transportation, collection and aggregation, grading, processing, distribution, packaging, and retailing.

Year published

2024

Authors

de Brauw, Alan; Maruyama, Eduardo; Wagner, Julia

Citation

de Brauw, Alan; Maruyama, Eduardo; and Wagner, Julia. 2024. Is it a myth? Market power among intermediaries in agri-food value chains. CGIAR Initiative on Rethinking Food Markets Background Paper. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. https://hdl.handle.net/10568/168165

Keywords

Markets; Agrifood Systems; Value Chains; Agricultural Value Chains

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open AccessCC-BY-4.0

Source

Source record

Project

Rethinking Food Markets

Record type

Brief

Events

31st International Conference of Agricultural Economists (ICAE)
IFPRI at External Event

 | 

August 17 to 31, 2021

31st International Conference of Agricultural Economists (ICAE)

Virtual Event: AUG 17, 2021 – 08:00 AM to AUG 31, 2021 08:00 PM EDT. IFPRI is participating in the 31st Conference of Agriculture Economists organized by the International Association of Agricultural Economists (IAAE).