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With research staff from more than 70 countries, and offices across the globe, IFPRI provides research-based policy solutions to sustainably reduce poverty and end hunger and malnutrition in developing countries.

researcher spotlight

Timothy Thomas

Timothy Thomas is a Senior Research Fellow in the Foresight and Policy Modeling Unit. His research focuses on the impact of climate change on agricultural productivity. Tim’s work involves developing innovative methods for simulated climate futures and model coordination between climate, crop, water, energy, and economics.

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Since 1975, IFPRI’s research has been informing policies and development programs to improve food security, nutrition, and livelihoods around the world.

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Development Strategies and Governance

Opeyemi Olanrewaju

Research Analyst

Bio

Opeyemi Olanrewaju is a Research Analyst in the Development Strategies and Governance Unit, based in Abuja. He currently supports IFPRI’s Nigeria Strategy Support Program (NSSP). Opeyemi’s research interests focus on youth employment, technology adoption, agricultural finance, conflict and insecurity, and food security. He seeks to contribute to policy discussions on sustainable rural livelihoods, rural digital technology adoption, and food security.

Prior to joining IFPRI, Opeyemi worked as a Field Research Lead at with Coamana Ltd, Abuja and coordinated several field research projects in Northern Nigeria where he undertook several works on Agricultural Value chain assessment and analysis. He was also a Research Fellow of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)/International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and worked on generating evidence on Youth Engagement in Agribusiness and Rural Economic activities in Africa.

Opeyemi Olanrewaju received his master’s in Agricultural Economics from University of Ibadan and a bachelor’s in Agricultural Economics and Extension from Ladoke Akintola University of Technology.

Nigeria Strategy Support Program

Development Strategies and Governance

Publications

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Working Paper

Selling better rather than growing more: Mixed-methods evidence on a private digital advisory platform for smallholders in northern Nigeria

2026Ragasa, Catherine; Olanrewaju, Opeyemi; Ma, Ning; Alvi, Muzna; Durojaye, Kola; Awoyemi, Emmanuel
Details

Selling better rather than growing more: Mixed-methods evidence on a private digital advisory platform for smallholders in northern Nigeria

Private digital agricultural platforms have proliferated across sub-Saharan Africa, yet rigorous evidence on farm-level outcomes and the conditions necessary for equitable distribution of benefits remains scarce. This paper provides a mixed-methods evaluation of Crop2Cash (C2C), a Nigerian agri-fintech enterprise delivering bundled “phygital” services—comprising AI-powered and human advisories, input marketplaces, credit scoring services, and e-wallet services accessible on basic feature phones. Combining a quasi-experimental research design, household survey, and qualitative data across Kaduna, Jigawa, and Niger States, we estimate the average and heterogeneous treatment effects of C2C services. Users averaged NGN 161,520 (USD 106) more in crop sales value than comparable non-users. These sales gains were driven primarily by marketing improvements—stemming from better price information, postharvest techniques, and market linkages—along with productivity gains for some crops and farmers. Conversely, we find no significant average effect on crop productivity or the adoption of 19 promoted sustainable agricultural practices. Despite high reported registration numbers, actual service uptake remains limited, particularly among women.

Year published

2026

Authors

Ragasa, Catherine; Olanrewaju, Opeyemi; Ma, Ning; Alvi, Muzna; Durojaye, Kola; Awoyemi, Emmanuel

Citation

Ragasa, Catherine; Olanrewaju, Opeyemi; Ma, Ning; Alvi, Muzna; Durojaye, Kola; and Awoyemi, Emmanuel. 2026. Selling better rather than growing more: Mixed-methods evidence on a private digital advisory platform for smallholders in northern Nigeria. IFPRI Discussion Paper 2457. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute.

Country/Region

Nigeria

Keywords

Africa; Sub-saharan Africa; Western Africa; Digital Extension Tools; Financial Technology; Private Sector; Private Sector Engagement; Agricultural Extension

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open Access

Source

Source record

Record type

Working Paper

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Working Paper

Women's household decision-making authority and dietary diversity in Nigeria: Evidence from the 2023/24 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey

2026Bamiwuye, Temilolu; Kirui, Oliver K.; Popoola, Olufemi; Fasoranti, Adetunji; Olanrewaju, Opeyemi; Nwagboso, Chibuzo
Details

Women's household decision-making authority and dietary diversity in Nigeria: Evidence from the 2023/24 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey

Women in Nigeria face severe and persistent nutritional disadvantages rooted in patriarchal household structures that restrict their agency in key decision-making domains. This study examines the association between women’s household decision-making authority and dietary diversity, and tests whether resource ownership and information exposure moderate that association, using the 2023/24 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). The analytic sample comprises 22,958 currently married women aged 15–49 years with a co-resident spouse. Poisson regression models with survey weights were estimated to assess the relationship between decision-making authority and the minimum dietary diversity for women (MDD-W) score. Moderation was examined through interaction terms between joint decision-making and each of the two moderators, with marginal associations reported at representative values of each moderator. Because the NDHS is cross-sectional, every estimate reported here is an association measured at a single point in time. No coefficient is interpreted as a causal effect. Joint participation in healthcare decisions was associated with a 5.6 percent higher MDD-W score relative to exclusion from decisions (β = 0.056; p < 0.01), and independent healthcare authority with a 4.3 percent higher score (β = 0.043; p < 0.01). Joint participation in large-purchase decisions was associated with a 3.2 percent higher score (β = 0.032; p < 0.01) when modelled alone but was not distinguishable from zero once healthcare authority was included. Interaction terms between joint decision-making and each moderator were negative and significant throughout: the association was largest among women with no assets and no media access, and at the maximum of either index the point estimate was fully offset rather than merely attenuated. Confidence intervals at the maximum of each index include zero in five of the six specifications, so the association is best described as eliminated rather than reversed. Women’s meaningful participation in household decision-making is significantly associated with dietary diversity in Nigeria, with the largest differences observed among the most disadvantaged women. Achieving substantive improvements in women’s nutrition requires policies that simultaneously address gaps in household agency, asset ownership, and access to information.

Year published

2026

Authors

Bamiwuye, Temilolu; Kirui, Oliver K.; Popoola, Olufemi; Fasoranti, Adetunji; Olanrewaju, Opeyemi; Nwagboso, Chibuzo

Citation

Bamiwuye, Temilolu; Kirui, Oliver K.; Popoola, Olufemi A.; Fasoranti, Adetunji; Olanrewaju, Opeyemi; and Nwagboso, Chibuzo. 2026. Women's household decision-making authority and dietary diversity in Nigeria: Evidence from the 2023/24 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey. IFPRI Discussion Paper 2455. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute.

Country/Region

Nigeria

Keywords

Africa; Sub-saharan Africa; Dietary Diversity; Decision-making; Women's Empowerment; Nutrition; Households; Surveys

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open Access

Source

Source record

Record type

Working Paper

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Working Paper

Gender inequality in livestock ownership, decision-making, and productivity: Evidence from Nigeria

2026Popoola, Olufemi; Kirui, Oliver K.; Olanrewaju, Opeyemi; Bamiwuye, Temilolu; Fasoranti, Adetunji; Nwagboso, Chibuzo
Details

Gender inequality in livestock ownership, decision-making, and productivity: Evidence from Nigeria

Livestock systems in sub-Saharan Africa are characterized by persistent gender disparities: women contribute substantial labor but have limited ownership and control of productive assets. Using individual-level data from the 2022/23 Nigeria Agricultural Sample Survey, this study examines gender gaps in livestock ownership, income control, and productivity by using the individual livestock manager rather than the household as the unit of analysis. The results reveal that women are 7.1 percentage points less likely to own large ruminants, 5.8 percentage points less likely to own small ruminants, and 1.4 percentage points less likely to own monogastrics, while having a 9.7 percentage-point advantage in poultry ownership. Women are also 19.2 percentage points less likely to control livestock income, even when actively engaged in production, with this gap moderated by household headship rather than education or agricultural training. Enterprises managed by women produce approximately 3.2 fewer liters of milk and 1.8 to 3.2 fewer eggs per week than those managed by men, conditional on herd size and geographical zone. Ownership disparities in large ruminants in Nigeria are more pronounced in the livestock-dense North but narrow or reverse in the South. The persistence of income-control gaps despite differences in human capital suggests that gender inequality in livestock systems is rooted in structural constraints, including inheritance norms and intrahousehold bargaining dynamics. These findings highlight the need for gender-responsive interventions that combine asset transfers and market access with measures to strengthen women’s decision-making authority and monitor economic agency using individual-level indicators.

Year published

2026

Authors

Popoola, Olufemi; Kirui, Oliver K.; Olanrewaju, Opeyemi; Bamiwuye, Temilolu; Fasoranti, Adetunji; Nwagboso, Chibuzo

Citation

Popoola, Olufemi A.; Kirui, Oliver K.; Olanrewaju, Opeyemi; Bamiwuye, Temilolu; Fasoranti, Adetunji; and Nwagboso, Chibuzo. 2026. Gender inequality in livestock ownership, decision-making, and productivity: Evidence from Nigeria. IFPRI Discussion Paper 2453. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. https://hdl.handle.net/10568/186017

Country/Region

Nigeria

Keywords

Africa; Sub-saharan Africa; Western Africa; Gender; Gender Equality; Gender Inequality; Livestock; Livestock Management; Livestock Production; Decision-making; Productivity

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open Access

Source

Source record

Record type

Working Paper

Events

Women's Voice and Resilience in Nigeria
IFPRI Program/Country Event

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October 14, 2026, 8:30 – 12:45 pm

Women’s Voice and Resilience in Nigeria

Women are key agents in building resilience for themselves, their households, and their communities. Yet persistent barriers to women’s decision-making power, community engagement, political participation, leadership, and agency more broadly limit their ability to shape the policies, institutions, and community responses that affect their lives. As Nigeria confronts overlapping economic, climate, and security challenges, greater […]